Lactuca biennis

Classification	Dicots
Family	Asteraceae
Family (Traditional)	Asteraceae
Genus	Lactuca
Species:	Lactuca biennis (Moench) Fernald
Common Name	Tall Blue Lettuce
Growth Habit	forb
Plant Notes	**
Characteristics	Armaments: No; Milky Sap: Yes; Photosynthetic: Yes; Stipules: No; Woody Herbaceous: Herbaceous; Natural Area Presence: BFM; Natural Area Presence: GRSM; Natural Area Presence: NRG; Duration: Annual; Duration: Biennial; General Ecology: Terrestrial; Growth Habit: forb; Moisture Requirements: Mesic; Region of Origin: North America; Reproductive Phenology: July; Reproductive Phenology: August; Reproductive Phenology: September; Reproductive Phenology: October; Leaf Arrangement: alternate; Leaf Complexity: simple; Leaf Fragrance: No; Leaf Persistance: Deciduous; Leaf Petiole Type: sessile; Leaf Type: broadleaf; Leaflet Margins: entire; Leaflet Number: 0; Anther Type: Basifixed; Base Flower Color: Blue; Base Flower Color: White; Carpel Number/Pistil: 1; Fruit Complexity: Simple; Fruit Dehiscence: No; Fruit Type: Cypsela; Fruit Wet/Dry: Dry; Hypanthium Present: No; Inflorescence Position: terminal; Inflorescence Types: head; Ovary Position: Inferior; Overall Flower Symmetry: Zygomorphic; Ovules per Carpel: 1; Perianth Present: Yes; Petal Fusion: Yes; Petal Number: 5; Pistil Complexity: Simple; Pistil Number: 1; Placentation Type: Basal; Sepal Fusion: N/A; Sepal Number: N/A; Sexuality: monoclinous; Sporangium Arrangement: N/A; Stamen Number: 5; Tepal Number: N/A
C value	3
Status	Native; AGCP (FACU), EMP (FACU) (NWPL); TN[SNR] KY[S4S5] (State Rank); G5 (Global Rank)
Specimen(s)	View and Download Specimen Details »

** Not applicable or data not available.

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Species Distribution Map

This species has been reported in the counties highlighted in the interactive distribution map below. Click on a county to display the its name. Click the question mark icon () to view additional information about the ecoregions shown. In the map legend, there are links to toggle the visibility of the ecoregions and/or their labels. In addition, clicking on an ecoregion name will highlight that region on the map.

State Boundaries
Counties
Counties - Species Present

Ecoregions

Southeastern Plains
- Blackland Prarie
Blue Ridge Mountains
Ridge and Valley
Cumberland Plateau
Cumberland Mountains
Allegheny Plateau

Interior Plateau
- Bluegrass Region
- Nashville Basin
- Pennyroyal Karst Plain
- Western Highland Rim
- Eastern Highland Rim

Interior River Valleys and Hills
- Shawnee / Caseyville Hills
Mississippi Alluvial Plain
Mississippi Valley Loess Plains
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Synonyms

Synonym	Full Citation
Lactuca spicata	Lactuca spicata Hitchc.
Lactuca spicata var. integrifolia	Lactuca spicata var. integrifolia (Torr. & A.Gray) Britton
Mulgedium spicatum	Mulgedium spicatum Small
Mulgedium spicatum var. integrifolium	Mulgedium spicatum var. integrifolium

Specimens and Distribution

This species has been reported in the following counties by the herbaria listed. An overview of the individual specimens are provided in the table that follows. Click on the accession number to view details; click on column headers to sort.

Counties included on distribution map: Bath (KY), Bell (KY), Clinton (KY), Cumberland (KY), Harlan (KY), Henry (KY), Jefferson (KY), Lewis (KY), McCreary (KY), Madison (KY), Marion (KY), Menifee (KY), Powell (KY), Rockcastle (KY), Wolfe (KY), Carter (TN), Franklin (TN), Greene (TN), Jefferson (TN), Knox (TN), Morgan (TN), Polk (TN), Sullivan (TN), Unicoi (TN)

Herbaria represented by specimen data listed below: APSC, BEREA, EKY, ETSU, TENN, UCHT

Range of years during which specimens were collected: 1897 - 2017

Accession No. (click for full details)	County	State	Coll. Date	Collector & Collection No.	Herbarium & Herbarium Name Used
31234100271962	Madison	Kentucky	27 Sep 1975	J. Stuart Lassetter 2476	EKY Lactuca biennis
31234100271863	Bath	Kentucky	14 Sep 1984	Julian Campbell 1296	EKY Lactuca biennis
31234100781085	Wolfe	Kentucky	01 Oct 2017	Thomas McFadden 719	EKY Lactuca biennis
31234100271996	Powell	Kentucky	18 Sep 1988	R. C. Clark 22007	EKY Lactuca biennis
31234100271988	Menifee	Kentucky	19 Aug 1989	Carol Hanley 183	EKY Lactuca biennis
31234100271897	Clinton	Kentucky	05 Aug 1999	Mark A. Gorton 99-909	EKY Lactuca biennis
31234100271954	Madison	Kentucky	27 Sep 1975	J. Stuart Lassetter 2476	EKY Lactuca biennis
31234100271921	Harlan	Kentucky	27 Sep 1998	Ronald L. Jones 8988	EKY Lactuca biennis
31234100271905	Clinton	Kentucky	28 Jul 1999	Mark A. Gorton 99-634	EKY Lactuca biennis
31234100271939	Henry	Kentucky	08 Sep 1962	J. L. Gentry Jr. 742	EKY Lactuca biennis
31234100271947	Jefferson	Kentucky	22 Aug 2005	Patricia D. Haragan 25125	EKY Lactuca biennis
31234100271970	Marion	Kentucky	31 Aug 1997	Ross C. Clark 23703	EKY Lactuca biennis
31234100271889	Bath	Kentucky	15 Sep 1984	Julian Campbell 1354	EKY Lactuca biennis
31234100272010	Powell	Kentucky	28 Aug 2002	Timothy J. Weckman 7734	EKY Lactuca biennis
31234100271871	Bath	Kentucky	14 Sep 1984	Julian Campbell 1296	EKY Lactuca biennis
31234100271855	McCreary	Kentucky	01 Oct 1989	Ronald L. Jones 6219	EKY Lactuca biennis
31234100271913	Cumberland	Kentucky	07 Sep 1997	R.C. Clark 23,779	EKY Lactuca biennis
BEREA007801	Rockcastle	Kentucky			BEREA Lactuca biennis
BEREA007800	Lewis	Kentucky			BEREA Lactuca biennis
BEREA007799	Bell	Kentucky			BEREA Lactuca biennis
BEREA007802	Rockcastle	Kentucky			BEREA Lactuca biennis
ETSU007082	Unicoi	Tennessee	14 Sep 2009	Frosty Levy	ETSU Lactuca biennis
ETSU008073	Carter	Tennessee			ETSU Lactuca biennis
N/A	Carter	Tennessee	15 Sep 2012	Frosty Levy	ETSU Lactuca biennis
N/A	Carter	Tennessee	10 Sep 2017	Frosty Levy	ETSU Lactuca biennis
ETSU005102	Unicoi	Tennessee	08 Oct 2011	Frosty Levy	ETSU Lactuca biennis
N/A	Unicoi	Tennessee	14 Sep 2016	Frosty Levy	ETSU Lactuca biennis
N/A	Unicoi	Tennessee	21 Sep 2010	Frosty Levy	ETSU Lactuca biennis
N/A	Unicoi	Tennessee	26 Aug 2017	Frosty Levy	ETSU Lactuca biennis
TENN-V-0239085	Knox	Tennessee			TENN Lactuca biennis
TENN-V-0239087	Polk	Tennessee			TENN Lactuca biennis
TENN-V-0239084	Jefferson	Tennessee			TENN Lactuca biennis
TENN-V-0239086	Morgan	Tennessee			TENN Lactuca biennis
APSC0091333	Jefferson	Kentucky			APSC Lactuca biennis
APSC0026095	Morgan	Tennessee			APSC Lactuca biennis
APSC0026094	Morgan	Tennessee			APSC Lactuca biennis
APSC0026093	Morgan	Tennessee			APSC Lactuca biennis
ETSU012565	Sullivan	Tennessee			ETSU Lactuca biennis
ETSU030331	Greene	Tennessee			ETSU Lactuca biennis
ETSU030330	Greene	Tennessee			ETSU Lactuca biennis
ETSU030329	Greene	Tennessee			ETSU Lactuca biennis
ETSU031058	Carter	Tennessee			ETSU Lactuca biennis
ETSU012564	Unicoi	Tennessee		RF2922	ETSU Lactuca biennis
N/A	Knox	Tennessee		A. Ruth	UCHT Lactuca biennis
N/A		Tennessee	19 Aug 1897	H. Eggert	UCHT Lactuca biennis
N/A	Knox	Tennessee		A. Ruth	UCHT Lactuca biennis
N/A	Franklin	Tennessee	08 Sep 1898	H. Eggert	UCHT Lactuca biennis
N/A	Knox	Tennessee		A. Ruth 738	UCHT Lactuca biennis

View a List of All Ecological Communities

Lactuca biennis

Related Links

Species Distribution Map

Ecoregions

Synonyms

Specimens and Distribution

Plant Photos